Control flow statements in Python are used to control the order in which the program’s code executes. Here are some of the most common ones:

If, Elif, and Else

if, elif, and else are used for conditional execution, i.e., to execute a certain block of code if a certain condition is met.

  • if: The if statement is used to test a specific condition. If the condition is True, the block of code under it is executed.
x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("x is greater than 5")
  • elif: The elif (short for else if) statement is used to check multiple expressions for True and execute a block of code as soon as one of the conditions evaluates to True.
x = 10
if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
elif x == 10:
    print("x is equal to 10")
  • else: The else statement is used to catch anything which isn’t caught by the preceding conditions.
x = 10
if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
elif x < 10:
    print("x is less than 10")
else:
    print("x is equal to 10")

Loops

Loops are used to repeatedly execute a block of code. Python has two types of loops - for and while.

  • for: The for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (like a list, tuple, dictionary, string, or set) or other iterable objects. Iterating over a sequence is called traversal.
# Example of for loop
for i in range(5):
    print(i)
  • while: The while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a condition is True.
# Example of while loop
i = 0
while i < 5:
    print(i)
    i += 1